Introduction: Arbitration has a contractual nature and is subject to the sovereignty of the will of the parties, but in some cases, the legislator imposed the referral of claims to arbitration on the will of the parties and caused the contractual nature of the arbitration clause to disappear or be limited. By doing this, he has placed the arbitration outside the will of the parties. This issue causes some moral conflicts in the discussion of compulsory arbitration. Therefore, this research has been done with the purpose of examining the position of compulsory arbitration in Iran's legal system and the ethical challenges in it with a descriptive-analytical approach. Material and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that compulsory arbitration in Iran has ethical challenges in the field of implementation and interpretation, the most important of which is the issue of the right to action and judicial Justice. In the context of ambiguities in mandatory arbitration, even if the method of arbitration becomes ambiguous, the arbitrator has the duty to find out the will of the legislator with the principles and rules of interpretation, which creates a moral conflict for the arbitrator.

Background and Aim: Justice Sensitivity is a stable personality trait that relates to prosocial behavioral tendencies and altruistic orientation. Secure attachment and deep emotional bond with others will increase Justice Sensitivity in students and prepare the ground for academic honesty and efficiency of education system. Considering the role of this personality trait in healthy educational behaviors,the purpose of this study is to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of Justice Sensitivity in a frame of a causal model. Methods: The present study is descriptive and in the form of structural equation modeling in which, the attachment styles were considered as independent variables, Justice Sensitivity as a mediating variable and academic dishonesty as a dependent variable. Participants were 240 (boys and girls) M. S. Shiraz University students. They completed Justice Sensitivity Scale, Revised Adult Attachment Scale and Academic Dishonesty Scale. Factor analysis method was used to verify validity and the Cronbach Alpha was applied to determine the reliability of the scales؛ Also, bootstrapping method in AMOS 24 was conducted to examine the mediational effects of the intervening variables. Ethical Considerations: Participants completed the scales online after they were informed of the study aims and were ensured on paper that the responses would remain confidential. Results: Results showed that attachment styles were significant predictor of academic dishonesty through which secure attachment style was negative significant predictor of academic dishonesty (β, =-0/44, p=0/0001) and insecure attachment styles (avoidant and anxious) were respectively positive significant predictors of academic dishonesty (β, =0/13, p=0/0001) and (β, =0/36, p=0/0001). Results also revealed that secure attachment style predicted Justice Sensitivity positively (β, =0/41, p=0/0001) and avoidant style predicted Justice Sensitivity negatively (β, =-0/35, p=0/0001). Furthermore, results demonstrated that Justice Sensitivity mediated the relationship between attachment styles and academic dishonesty. In general,findings confirmed that secure attachment style decreases academic dishonesty through increasing the Justice Sensitivity. Conclusion: According to the hypothesis testing results, it can be concluded that Secure adults tended to hold positive selfimage and positive image of others,meaning that they had both a sense of worthiness and an expectation that other people were generally responsive and trustworthy. This means that secure students will apply effective and ethical strategies to achieve their educational goals and never intend to violate the rights of others to gain academic legitimacy.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstand both dynamic and static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the effects of earthquakes on underground structures and the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated and by using Plaxis 2D software and based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, Sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight and modulus of elasticity was carried out, and the parameters whose changes have the greatest and least effects on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static analysis. Also, outputs of Sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect and cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

Justice is an ideal concept which human beings have always sought since the beginning of civilization. From the viewpoint of most scholars, Justice is a virtue and a source to other virtues. Some have even gone so far that they give the same weight to Justice as they do to all other virtues.This article reviews Justice from the viewpoint of ancient Greek philosophers and recent western ones. It considers economic Justice from an Islamic perspective and summarizes it in optimum allocation of resources NO.52, Autumn 2009 6 and facilities, elimination of poverty and financial needs, as well as socioeconomic development. Our constitution considers Justice as a major goal and the general policies of Article 44 are aimed to realize this goal.This article also investigates the issue of Justice Stock and provides reasons to prove this programme violates the sacred value of Islamic economic Justice. So it is unfair to use the word “Justice” for such stocks.

Both workplace deviance (WD) and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are noted as being discretionary behaviors that are rooted in social exchange and responses to the environment. This study aims to investigate the mediation role of Justice Sensitivity between communication satisfaction and discretionary workplace behaviors. The statistical population consisted of 650 employees of Guilan Technical & Vocational Training Organization, and the optimal sample was determined by Cochran's formula to be 271. Questionnaires were distributed among the employees using the stratified random sampling method and statistical data were processed using SPSS 19 and Smart PLS 2. The results revealed that communication satisfaction has a positive effect on Justice Sensitivity, and Justice Sensitivity has a negative effect on workplace deviance. As well as, communication satisfaction has a direct effect on workplace deviance. So, Justice Sensitivity has a partial mediator role in significant impression of communication satisfaction to workplace deviance. The findings also indicate the Justice Sensitivity has a positive effect on OCB. But, communication satisfaction has no a direct effect on OCB. The results of this study yield that Justice Sensitivity has a full mediator role between communication satisfaction and OCB.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a predictor of cardiovascular diseases in both normal people and patients on hemodialysis. This study aimed to assess the relationship of high-Sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) serum level and peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis.Methods: 113 patients on peritoneal dialysis in Isfahan city, Iran, participated in our study in 2015. Serum albumin and Hs-CRP levels were measured in each patient at three times (baseline, and 6 and 12 month after that) and the patients were followed up for 1 year. All the patients were evaluated for peritonitis in every visit. At the end of the study, two groups of patients on peritoneal dialysis with and without peritonitis were compared. Findings: Among 113 patients, 24 were excluded from the study because of death or kidney transplantation and 89 patients were included in final analysis. The mean Hs-CRP levels in patients with peritonitis were 4.83, 5.79, and 7.42 mg/l at baseline, and 6 and 12 month after it, respectively; these levels were 4.47, 3.19, and 2.69 mg/l in patients without peritonitis, respectively. In addition, the mean albumin levels in patient with peritonitis were 3.38, 3.29 and 3.40 mg/l at baseline, and 6 and 12 month after it, respectively; these values were 3.56, 4.05, and 3.51 mg/l in patients without peritonitis, respectively.Conclusion: Results showed that with increase in Hs-CRP level, the risk of peritonitis increased. Besides, the albumin level decreased among patients with peritonitis in comparison with patients without peritonitis; there was no significant correlation between albumin level and peritonitis.